Industrial Cooperation in Siberia at the End of the New Economic Policy (1926—1929)

The state of the trade cooperation in Siberia in 1926-1929 is described in the article. Such aspects as organizational building, economic development and regional specificity in the context of the transformation of associations of small industrial producers into an independent cooperative system is analyzed. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the emergence and priority areas of activity of the Siberian Trading Union. The relevance of the study is due both to the ongoing discussion about the assessment of the state of industrial cooperation on the eve of the “great turning point”, as well as its scale and role in the development of the region. The author formulates her own approach to assess the socio-economic processes in small-scale industrial production. It is concluded that the overall result of the organizational and economic development of the Siberian trading cooperation in recent years of the new economic policy was its transformation into a force that could influence the further development of associations of handicraftsmen and artisans, but protectionist measures increased the dependence of artels on state bodies in terms of financing. supply, sales organization and created the prerequisites for the nationalization of the industrial cooperation of Siberia. The main sources of work were materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the State Archives of the Novosibirsk Region, the State Archives of the Altai Territory, some of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time

Denationalization and Rent in Small Industry of Siberia during Transition from War Communism to New Economic Policy (1921-1923)

Study of the processes of denationalization and rent in small industry of Siberia during transition from war communism to new economic policy allows to more fully reveal the essence of the NEP and Bolsheviks’ purpose in relation to smallholders, to show the implementation of these NEP areas in Siberia, to highlight its features. The main sources of study were the published papers of the regional Soviet and party institutions, as well as materials from the holdings of Russian state archive of economy and the State archive of the Novosibirsk region, part of which were introduced in the scientific usage for the first time. The article gives a brief description of the state of artisan production in the region in 1921. The conclusion is made about presence of conditions for the restoration of small industry. The process of denationalization, its dates and objects are analyzed. The return of the cooperative industry is discussed. The peculiarities of the lease campaign, its scope, prospects and role in the Siberian economy are revealed. Priority methods of the policy of denationalization and rent are described. Attention to regional approaches in their implementation from 1921 to 1923 is paid. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite some positive aspects in the implementation of the data in the NEP areas, they were limited and in the beginning of the new economic policy often continued to coexist with the military and Communist methods of management in the Siberian small-scale industry

The First Steps of the Siberian Industrial-Cooperative Construction in the Context of the Transition to a New Economic Policy (1921-1923)

Brief description of the situation with the trade cooperation of Siberia by the beginning of 1921 is given in the article. Its organizational construction and regional peculiarities are analyzed in transition to the new economic policy. The activity of the Siberian regional artisanal union is considered. The question is raised about the struggle for influence on industrial cooperation. The causes of the crisis and the collapse of the Sibartelsoyuz system are investigated. The author comes to the conclusion about the inertia of the military-economic methods of guiding the cooperative production of handicraftsmen and artisans throughout the period under review. It is noted that the system of direct state administration in this sphere persisted until 1923. It shows the inability of Sibartelsoyuz to lead the cooperation, because of which the crisis of the artisanal system continued. The main sources of work were materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Economics and the State Archives of the Novosibirsk Region, some of which were first introduced into scientific use

Secondary Specialized Educational Institutions of Tyumen in 1920—1930s

Issues related to the material and personnel aspects in the initial period of the formation of secondary specialized educational institutions in Tyumen in the 1920—1930s are considered. Attention is paid to the study of the process of creating a network of educational institutions, areas of student training are identified, and data on the dynamics of the number of students are given. The analysis results of the material base of technical schools formation are presented. The problems that students had to face in the learning process were identified. An assessment of the material and technical conditions of educational activities is made. The authors dwell on the study of the staff of secondary specialized educational institutions of the city. Attention is paid to the analysis of the level of education and qualifications of teachers. The material working conditions of the teaching staff are investigated. The authors note a certain dynamics in solving the material and personnel problems of technical schools in the period under study, despite the fact that the existing opportunities of educational institutions were significantly inferior to the needs of the population in obtaining professional education. The conclusion is made about the degree of provision of educational institutions of the city with teaching and administrative personnel. The impact of this problem on the quality of student training is assessed

HIV INFECTION AS A RISK FACTOR OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN

The article presents the results of three year follow-up over 96 HIV positive children registered in the AIDS Center. During 3 year follow up the infection with tuberculous mycobacteria was diagnosed in 27.3% (n = 23) of HIV positive children from the followed up group. The leading risk factor of tuberculosis is family exposure to a tuberculosis patient – 22.6% (n = 19). Compliance to follow-up and treatment, timely prescribed preventive anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy enhanced prevention of development of local forms of tuberculosis in the followed up group of children

X-ray diagnostics of tuberculosis in the screening of patients with HIV infection

Background. The main method of screening of patients with HIV infection to detect pulmonary tuberculosis is X-ray diagnostics. A comparative assessment of changes in lung tissue in different methods of X-ray diagnostics and at different levels of CD4+ cells seems relevant.The aim of the study. To compare plain radiography and computed tomography of the lungs as screening methods for detecting tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection at various stages of immunosuppression.Materials and methods. 396  patients with HIV registered at the AIDS Center were  examined using plain lung radiography (PLR) and computed tomography (CT). To search for mycobacterium tuberculosis, we used bacterioscopy of a smear with Ziehl – Neelsen staining; HAIN-GenoType MTBDRplus technique; inoculation of BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid media; inoculation of Löwenstein – Jensen dense medium. Statistical processing of numerical material was carried out using the Statistica 5.5 program with a significance level p ≤ 0.05; Pearson χ2 criterion was used for the analysis of qualitative featuresResults. When comparing the results of PLR and CT, the differences were found. When  using PLR, the focal lung lesions were described more often (χ2  =  40.79; p = 0.00001), according to CT data, they turned out to be fibrosis (χ2 = 2.33; p = 0.1269). When comparing the PLR and CT data, the differences were obtained in the description of pulmonary fibrosis (χ2 = 20.78; p = 0.00001), focal lung lesions (χ2 = 40.79; p = 0.00001), dissemination (χ2 = 9.16; p=0.0025).Conclusion. When screening HIV-infected patients (at the standard of using plain radiography twice a year) it should be taken into account that CT provides more precise differentiation of focal lung lesions and pulmonary fibrosis, earlier detection of dissemination syndrome and ground-glass, especially at severe immunodeficiency with a decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes down to 200 cells and less. Timely appointment of CT study will improve the effectiveness of tuberculosis detection at the stage of screening in AIDS centers

Global tests evaluating the functional condition of hemostasis

Control of effectiveness of global tests evaluation of the functional state regulation of blood aggregation provided an opportunity to obtain timely information about the I-II and III phases of hemostasis while using native substrate - whole blood. Ex vivo, registered during hemocoagulation of changing the viscous characteristics of whole blood, allowed to formulate the concept of fibrinogenesis permanence as in vivo existing process, defining proper hemostatic potential – integrative characteristic of the entire cycle of hemocoagulation, ensuring necessary blood fluidity and restricting extravasation of its components in case of defecting its permeability or damaging its vascular wall

Overview of potential drugs for the treatment of new coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)

The new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), better known as COVID-19, quickly evolved into a worldwide pandemic with a significant public health burden. Currently, there are no approved drugs or preventive therapeutic strategies to combat infection. Decisions about prescribing many medications are made based on the results obtained in in vitro studies, or expert opinions. Most of the drugs currently used to treat COVID-19 are approved antivirals or antibodies against other diseases. However, there are hundreds of clinical studies underway around the world to discover effective treatments for COVID-19. This article summarizes the results of clinical studies of potential therapeutic drugs used as COVID-19 therapy. Based on this review, it can be concluded that there is still no high-quality evidence to support any of the drugs described below. Until the unambiguous results of randomized controlled trials are available, the use of any of the following drugs is not clinically proven as an effective treatment for COVID-19